Современный английский сленг

Slang is a language style, a way of speaking that contains informal words and expressions, restricted in their use to a particular social group, that may replace the terms used in formal, standard language by other terms with a strong emotional impact. They are expressive, mostly ironical words serving to create fresh names for some things that are frequent topics of discourse. All languages, countries and periods of history have slang. This is true because they all have had words with varying degrees of social acceptance and popularity.

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All the strata of society use some slang, including the most educated, cultivated speakers and writers. Language has always been flexible and versatile. Its main purpose is communication. Humanity uses language in all activities: professional, domestic, religious, etc. Language also helps people to express themselves, to make their speech unusual, unable to be understood by others. That is why slang words exist. Slang is a very informal language that is usually spoken rather than written, used especially by particular groups of people. For instance, there exists teen slang, which is the most dynamic and emotionally saturated part of English vocabulary. Nowadays slang surrounds us every day and English is not an exception. If you are off on holiday to Britain, you will be surprised to see how handy certain British slang definitions are. It is always nice to know what the locals are saying, and it makes it a lot easier to have a conversation. Slang makes 1/3 part of the spoken language but in spite of this fact most teachers and specialists in methodology ignore slang, although a lot of words and expressions belonging to slang are gradually becoming normal. Slang language is quite different frоm literary and written standards. Language should be a means of communication not a barrier. Using slang comparatively simplifies communication with native speakers. It is even urgent to know slang, because nowadays a lot of people frоm our country leave for English-speaking countries as international students and trainees. That is why slang should also be learned and taught, for it is also an inseparable part of Spoken English. This information takes us to the theme of this research work is singled out: Slang as a part of Spoken English. The theme of the investigation is considered to be vital because today people need to contact with native speakers more than ever and besides a formal language it is impossible to avoid an informal one. Thus slang is relevant here. Slang is considered by the researchers belonging to different linguistic schools. Some authors studied slang as a deliberate, conscious use of vocabulary elements in a purely stylistic purposes, in particular to create the effect of novelty, to emphasize. This is achieved by the use of such stylistic means, as a metaphor, litotes, onomatopoeia, and others. There exist many different definitions of slang introduced by its numerous researches. The definition of slang proposed by V.A. Khomyakov can be taken as a basic one, because in it slang is depicted as an "umbrella" term that includes both jargon and cant and general slang. In the 20th century the question of the origin of the slang term continues to interest researchers. Most reliable is Partridge`s hypothesis, who believes that the slang word relates to the verb “to slіng - to utter”. Slang became popular with fiction writers and society at large. The development of English slang was assisted by a number of events, such as the American Civil War and the abolitionist movement. By this time scholars such as Walt Whitman, W. D. Whitney, and Brander Matthews all considered slang to be anything that sounded new, and that was not in the “glossaries of British dialects”. The aim of this paper is studying the importance of knowledge of slang. In accordance with the aim the following hypothesis is suggested: knowledge of slang is a very important component in the development of linguistic competence, for it simplifies communication in real-life situations and comprehension of authentic movies and literary works. An object of the investigation is Spoken English and the subject is slang. The practical significance of this research consists in the fact that it suggests practical examples and situations where slang can be revealed and how it can be applied. The paper contains the appendix displaying slang vocabulary, which includes the most popular slang words and expressions. This research also contributes to teaching EFL: it suggests teaching slang in schools, for it also promotes the development of ones linguistic competence. The aim of this paper predetermines certain tasks, namely: - Studying and systematizing the theoretical material on the topic; - Defining the notion slang; - Tracing the origin and sources of slang; - Analyzing the use of slang. Accordingly, the following methods are suggested: Analysis of the theoretical material; Content-analysis; Analysis of the American movies and songs. The paper consists of introduction, two chapters, conclusion and bibliography.

Slang allows a person to become creative in the use of language. Some people use slang in order to communicate with each other informally. Similarly, people using slang are able to identify other members of their subculture easily. There is a special Slang Dictionary that contains such words and their meanings. When a new word is created in the slang language, and a majority of people start using it, then it is added into the language. If it does not gain enough popularity, it is forgotten. One of the reasons slang is around is that people believe that, by using slang, they will be able to set themselves apart frоm others and be unique. However, others believe that this is an improper way of speaking or writing, and strongly criticize its use. Children who use slang while speaking end up using it while writing in school, which is discouraged in the academic world. Slang is normal and natural human linguistic creativity. It is mostly word play and the intelligent manipulation of sound and meaning for all sorts of social purposes. There are no stabilizing influences, such as grammars and stylebooks, to stifle creativity, limit expansion, or prevent the making of errors. Users are free to innovate, make errors, and repeat misinterpretations that become new slang. There are blog posts, online forums, or the comment section underneath a YouTube video that are full of abbreviations and words that just look weird. Indeed, the Internet has a language of its own, and it might significantly differ frоm the standard English you are used to. As communication on the Internet is usually very personal, casual, and informal, there are many slang words. Some are abbreviations that were created to save time and space, such as BRB (be right back) and LMK (let me know). Some others are words that don’t make a lot of sense outside of the Internet. Twitter has its own terminology and words like hashtag and retweeting can be considered Internet slang. People seem fascinated by slang, and it is widely beloved in all languages, especially in the abstract by people who cringe when it is actually spoken. Slang, in one word, just “is”. Slang is unruly, unrefined, irreverent, and illogical. It can be brutally frank and direct, or deceptively kind and euphemistic. Euphemism is the verbal trick that has been termed the deodorant of language, and slang has given us dozens of terms for drunkenness and insanity that are remarkably gentle. Slang is produced by living languages, and the moment it stops being produced, the language in question is dead. It is also true that slang replenishes standard language. Slang is nonstandard vocabulary composed of words or senses characterized primarily by connotations of extreme informality and usually by a currency not limited to a particular region. It is composed typically of coinages or arbitrarily changed words, clipped or shortened forms, extravagant, forced, or facetious figures of speech, or verbal novelties. Slang fills a necessary niche in all languages, occupying a middle ground between the standard and informal words accepted by the general public and the special words and expressions known only to comparatively small social subgroups.

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