Видо-временные формы группы Perfect (значение, образование, употребление). Сравнение времен: настоящего перфектного и прошедшего неопределенного.

In most languages the perfect is constructed by the use of an auxiliary verb (either to be or to have) in the present and the past participle. Other names are sometimes given to the perfect tense. In English the perfect tense is often misleadingly referred to as the present perfect, an allusion to the auxiliary verb component in the present tense. The term "composed past" is also used in languages where this past tense is composed of an auxiliary and a participle. In some languages, the perfect tense is effectively the same as the preterit tense, or the aorist tense, but these two terms are not actually synonymous with the perfect tense.

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. Thus the topic of this paper is relevant. The subject of the paper is the Perfect Tenses. The object is the forms, meaning, formation and usage of the Perfect Tenses. The aim of the paper is to research the Perfect Tenses themselves. Standing on such ground, there are several tasks pointed out:  to study the nature of Perfect Tense in English;  to research the forms, meaning, formation and usage of Perfect Tenses;  to compare the Present Perfect and Past Indefinite Tenses. Structurally the paper consists of introduction, three paragraphs, conclusion and a list of selеcted bibliography.

Perfect tenses indicate slightly more complex time relations and are generally used to express completed actions. It covers several tenses: the past perfect, the present perfect, and the future perfect. The Formation of the Present Perfect is auxiliary verb to have (have/has) + Participle II (the present tense of the verb to have + the past participle of the main verb). This tense denotes a completed action closely connected with the present when the time of the action is indefinite; an action performed within a period of time which has not yet ended; or the beginning of the period is often indicated by the conjunction since which denotes «frоm some definite moment in the past till now». The Formation of the Past Perfect is auxiliary verb had + Participle II (the past tense of the verb to have + the past participle of the main verb). This tense denotes an action completed before a certain moment in the past. The Formation of the Future Perfect is auxiliary verb shall/will have + Participle II (the future tense of the verb to have + the past participle of the main verb). It denotes an action completed before a definite moment in the future or an action which will begin before a definite moment in the future, will continue up to that moment and will be going on at that moment. In most cases there is confusion between the Present Perfect and Past Indefinite Tenses. There are several differences and important points that learners should study in order to use the language correctly and understand the native speakers. All things considered, it can be concluded that studying the Perfect Tenses is vital to compresence the English language and right use of it. Moreover, it is necessary to research the forms, meaning, formation and usage of Perfect Tenses for better understanding the language.

1. Druzhinin А. S. Znakovaya sushhnost' grammaticheskoj konstruktsii / А.S. Druzhinin // Vestnik MGIMO– Universiteta. – 2012. – № 5. – S. 210–214. 2. Druzhinin A.S., Pesina S.A. Cognitive interpretation of English “perfect” aspect-tense forms [Electronic recourse] // МНИЖ. 2016. №6-4 (48). URL: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/cognitive-interpretation-of-english-perfect-aspect-tense-forms (date of request: 14.12.2020). 3. Kaushanskaya V.L., Kovner R.L., Kozhevnikova O.N., Prokofeva E.V., Rayines Z.M., Skvirskaya S.E., Tsirlina F.Y. A Grammar of the English language [Electronic recourse] // Moscow, 2008. URL: (PDF) Каушанская A Grammar of the English Language | Jane Dvortsova - Academia.edu (date of request: 15.12.2020). 4. Kravchenko А.V. Teoriya ukazatel'nosti: ehgotsentrichnost', dejktichnost', indeksal'nost' / А. V. Kravchenko. – Irkutsk: izd-vo Irkutskogo universiteta, 1992. – 210 S. 5. Ritz M. Perfect Tense and Aspect [Electronic recourse] // The Oxford Handbook of Tense and Aspect. P. 881-907. URL: Binnick_9780195381979-c31.pdf (date of request: 15.12.2020).